Quiz 2 — Addressing, DHCP, VLANs, and Routing

Six questions covering CIDR, DHCP, VLANs, route selection, OSPF, and BGP.

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What does a /24 CIDR prefix indicate?

The address contains 24 host bits

The first 24 bits identify the network prefix

The subnet supports exactly 24 devices

The address must be publicly routable

A /24 leaves eight IPv4 host bits. Prefix length describes the network portion, not whether the addresses are public or private.

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Which sequence correctly represents the common DHCP lease exchange?

Discover, Request, Offer, Acknowledge

Offer, Discover, Acknowledge, Request

Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge

Request, Discover, Offer, Acknowledge

The sequence is commonly remembered as DORA: Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge.

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What problem does a DHCP relay solve?

It encrypts DHCP leases over the internet

It forwards client DHCP requests to a server on another subnet

It translates private client addresses to a public address

It replaces DNS for devices without hostnames

Initial DHCP discovery is broadcast-based. A relay such as ip helper-address allows a centralized server to serve clients across a router.

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What does a VLAN create?

A new public IP address for every switch port

An encrypted tunnel between two sites

A separate Layer 2 broadcast domain on shared switching infrastructure

A dynamic route between autonomous systems

Different VLANs require Layer 3 routing to communicate with one another.

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Which route is selected first when several routes match a destination?

The route learned most recently

The route with the shortest textual description

The route with the longest, most-specific matching prefix

The default route regardless of other entries

Routers perform longest-prefix matching. A default route is used only when no more-specific route matches.

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Which statement correctly distinguishes OSPF and BGP?

OSPF translates addresses; BGP assigns addresses

OSPF discovers internal paths, while BGP exchanges policy-controlled reachability between autonomous systems

OSPF uses TCP 179, while BGP uses raw IP protocol 89

OSPF is only for cloud networks, while BGP is only for physical networks

OSPF is a link-state interior gateway protocol using IP protocol 89. BGP is a path-vector protocol that establishes sessions over TCP 179.

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