Operators¶

Arithmetic¶

int quotient = 10 / 3;  // 3: integer division discards the fraction
int remainder = 10 % 3; // 1
int total = 4 + 5;

The repository's O2ArithmaticOperators example compares quotient and remainder values for consecutive integers.

Comparison and equality¶

boolean ordered = left < right;
boolean samePrimitive = x == y;
boolean sameReference = first == second;
boolean sameValue = first.equals(second);

Use == to compare primitive values or object identity. Use an appropriate equals implementation for object value equality.

Short-circuit logic¶

if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
    System.out.println(value);
}

&& evaluates its right operand only when the left operand is true. || evaluates its right operand only when the left operand is false. In contrast, boolean & and | evaluate both operands.

Increment¶

int x = 5;
int before = x++; // before is 5, x becomes 6
int after = ++x;  // x becomes 7, after is 7

Conditional operator¶

String label = score >= 60 ? "pass" : "fail";

Java does not have a ?? null-coalescing operator. Use a conditional expression, Objects.requireNonNullElse, or Optional where appropriate.

Verified repository program¶

Runnable Deterministic output Stable Java

java --enable-preview \
  -cp build/classes/java/main:build/resources/main \
  nitin.a2operators.O2ArithmaticOperators

Expected output, verified by scripts/verify-doc-examples.sh:

Repository examples¶

src/main/java/nitin/a2operators/O2ArithmaticOperators.java
src/main/java/nitin/a2operators/O8ShortCircuit.java
src/main/java/nitin/a2operators/operators.md