Electronic Components

1 minute read

1. Supplies

  • AA batteries (or a small rechargeable battery pack).
  • Breadboard and jumper wires.
  • Soldering supplies (if applicable).
  • Basic tools: wire strippers, multimeter, etc.

Power Supply - From USB Mobile Charging Cable

Cut the end that is used for mobile charging and pull out the outer layer to expose 4 wires underneath.

  • The Red wire acts as Anode(+ve) while
  • the Black is used as Cathode(-ve)/Ground.

Then use the USB input end to connect with either Laptop or charging port or any power supply to avoid using batteries.

Step Up/Down Power Supply Module

Adjustable Boost Buck Converter 1.2V-24V Output

Use the mini circuit board with adjustable power supply

Bench Power Supply

2. Basic Components

  • Resistors (various values).
  • Capacitors (e.g., 10µF, 100µF).
  • LEDs (various colors).
  • Diodes (1N4148 or similar).
    • Zeiner Diode - gets activated with a certain voltage

Simple LED 0.3 or 0.5 mm

  • longer leg - positive side/Anode
  • shorter leg - negative side/Cathode
    • if inner filament is visible, the larger one is cathode
    • if the filament is not visible & legs are already cut,
      • then locate the flat edge on the round base of the LED

Led diode anode cathode

-Forward Voltage (Vf): Appx. voltage of the LED is 2.0V (common for red LEDs).

  • Forward Current (If): Typically around 20 mA (0.020 A)

3. Switches

  • Push-button switches.
  • Toggle switches, banana switches

4. Transistors

  • NPN (like 2N3904) and PNP (like 2N3906) transistors. The TO-92 is a transistor package type commonly used for small, low-power transistors. It’s a plastic-encapsulated package with a distinctive shape that looks like a small cylinder with a flat edge on one side.

  • Active Components vs Passive

    | **Component Type** | **Examples** | **Function** | **Power Requirement** | |:——————–|:———————————|:———————————–|:——————————–| | **Active** | Transistors, ICs, Op-Amps | Amplify, switch, generate signals | Needs an external power source | | **Passive** | Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors | Store or dissipate energy, filter | No external power source needed |

5. Integrated Circuits

  • 555 timer IC.
  • Simple logic gate ICs (like AND, OR).

6. Sensors

  • Photoresistor (LDR).
  • Temperature sensor (LM35 or similar).

IR Sensor

7. Motors

  • Small DC motors.
  • Servo motors.
  • brushless DC motor - Drone motor with Type A and B fans

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